Anyway, let’s come back to Microservice architecture now. If you have been following software trends that you know that usage of Microservices has increased tremendously in recent times. One of the main reasons for that is Cloud computing as a Microservice-based application fits nicely into cloud platforms.
The job market is full of microservices-related opportunities. But microservices is a tough concept. It is quite tough to understand the concept of Microservice
architecture.
Interviews, especially related to server-side development, always have questions related to microservices. In this article, we will list the top 15 questions related to microservices that are commonly asked in interviews.
15 Common Microservice Interview Questions with Answers
Here is a list of some of the frequently asked Microservice questions from Java and Spring Boot interviews. You can use these questions to quickly review important Microservice concepts before interviews.
The list includes questions on Microservice architecture, the pros, and cons of Microservice architecture, Microservices vs Monolith architecture, and essential frameworks and tools required for Microservice development in Java, like Spring Boot, Spring Cloud, Docker, and Kubernetes.
1. What does “Microservices” mean? Explain the term Microservices?
Answer: Microservices is a Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) approach in which huge applications are built as a collection of small functional modules. These modules are deployed independently. They are scalable and can communicate with
each other over standard protocols.
2. What are the advantages of using Microservices?
Answer: If you have been doing software development then you know that Microservices is the future, the biggest advantage of Microservices is that it fits nicely in cloud infrastructure. By using containers like Docker it’s easy to deploy
and scale and it also makes the development easier.
- They can be deployed independently.
- They are fault isolated.
- They are technologically diverse.
- Deployment time is less.
3. Name the main components of Microservices?.
Answer: Containers, cloud infrastructure, API gateway, Service delivery, IaC, and Service bus.
4. How is Microservice architecture different from Monolithic architecture?
Answer: Monolithic architecture is tightly coupled (mostly) while microservice architecture is loosely coupled. Microservices focus on products while monolithic architecture focuses on the whole project. Moreover, service startups are faster in the microservice architecture.
5. What is the meaning of RESTful?
Answer: RESTful means Representational State Transfer web services. It’s based on HTTP protocol and has been the backbone of modern web development which is highly based upon APIs.
6. What is the meaning of OAuth? And why is it used?
Answer: OAuth means open authorization protocol. OAuth is used to access the client applications on HTTP for third-party providers Facebook, GitHub, etc. On Java world, Spring Security supports OAuth 2.0 which you can use to secure your application. If you want to learn more about OAuth and Spring Security I suggest you join OAuth 2.0 in the Spring Boot Applications course on Udemy. It’s a great course to learn OAuth 2 in depth.
7. What are some challenges faced while using Microservices?
Answer: Here are some challenges faced on building applications on Microservices architecture:
a) Being a distributed system, microservice architecture is a heavily involved model.
b) Microservices always need to communicate with each other because they always rely on each other.
c) There are always operation overheads.
8. What is the use of containers in Microservices?
Answer: Containers are used to manage microservice-based applications. They are easy and effective. Containers also help effectively in deploying and developing individually. The biggest advantages of containers are that they are easy to scale.
programming language in the same way.
9. Explain end-to-end Microservices testing?
Answer: End-to-end microservices testing is a technique in which the entire flow of the application is tested using a business transaction. Such kind of testing covers the gaps left during other testing techniques such as unit and
integration testing.
10. In what kind of application we should use microservices?
Answer: Microservices should be used in applications like web, desktop, mobile devices, Smart TVs, etc.
11. What is Docker used for?
Answer: Docker provides a container environment that is used to host applications. It provides a static background for the app to run. Thus, preventing deployment issues. If you want to learn more about Docker and Kubernetes then I highly recommend you to join Docker & Kubernetes: The Practical Guide course by Maximillian Schwarzmuller on Udemy.
12. What is a “Client certificate”?
Answer: It is a digital certificate. It is used by client systems to make authenticated requests to any remote server. It is highly useful in mutual authentication designs as it provides strong assurances of a requester’s identity.
13. How do independent Microservices communicate with each other?
Answer: Microservices can communicate with others through WebSockets for streaming, HTTP for request-response, or brokers.
14. What are some common Microservices design principles?
Microservices architecture is a better way of implementing Service-oriented architecture and following design principles are key for implementing Microservices applications
- High Cohesion
- Autonomous
- Business Domain Centric
- Resilence
- Observable
- Automation
15. Give the major difference between Cohesion and Coupling?
Answer: Coupling is the relationship between two modules while cohesion is the relationship between two or more parts within a module.
16. What are the disadvantages of using microservices?
Answer: While Microservices go hand-in-hand with modern Cloud infrastructure and they are easy to scale, it all comes with a cost of complexity.
Here are some of the notable disadvantages of Microservice architecture
- As a whole, microservices architecture is complicated.
- There is less control over third-party apps.
- Overall end-to-end testing is tough.
- Challenges while deployment.
- Accurate pre-planning is required.
Though the advantages offered by Microservices in a Cloud Computing environment outweigh these disadvantages, it’s now becoming a standard way to develop a cloud-native software application.
That’s all about frequently asked Microservice interview questions for Java developers. Microservices are tough to understand. But it is worth learning microservices because there is a huge market for the same. In this article, we listed the top 15 questions related to microservices that will help you in interviews.
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